Effect of Protein Supplementation plus Hyper-Caloric intake and Exercise on Hypertrophy, Hormones and Energy components among Underweight Males

The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of 8 weeks of protein supplementation plus hyper-caloricintake and resistance training on hypertrophy, hormones, and energy components of underweight males. Onehundred sixty-seven underweight males from Dhahran region aged 18 to 20 years with BMI of less than 18.5Kg/m2 were divided into protein supplementation with hyper-caloric intake and resistance training group 1 (G1, n =21), the resistance training group 2 (G-2, n=48), protein supplementation group 3 (G-3, n=32) and acontrol group 4 (G-4, n=38). The subjects were measured before and after the training Physical Characteristics(PC) [body mass (BM), optimal body mass (OBM), height (H), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF),fat-free mass (FFM)], hormones [Triiodothyronine (FT3), Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),cortisol and testosterone], energy components, food intake (FI), energy needs (EN) and 1Resistance Maximum(1RM) tests [leg press (LP), chest press (CP) and abdomen press (ABDO)]. The resistance training (RT) was for8 weeks, twice per week 30 minutes per session for G-1 and G-2. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0software. Mean and the standard deviation was calculated for all subjects. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was utilized to compare the mean differences between groups and the level was at P≤0.05. The resultsshowed that BM and FFM had main effects for time and interaction effects for a time by groups (P<0.05) but notfor groups (P>0.05). In 1RM strength tests for LP, CP, and ABDO there were main effects for the time, groups,and interaction effects for time for groups (P<0.05). FT3 and FT4 showed main effects for time only (P<0.05)but TSH, CORTI, and TESTO did show any changes. FI showed main effects for the time, groups, and interactioneffects for a time by groups (P<0.05). It was concluded that the intervention program helps in gaining bodyweightand increasing the fat-free mass. Besides, the resistance training aided to raise the strength, food intake with nochanges in the hormones

Performance-Related Fitness Variables, and Metabolic, and Physiological Components among Athletes

The key goal of the existing study was to compare the influence of functional and grid training on certainperformance-related fitness and playing ability of young football players. 120 football players at the age rangeof 18 to 22 years were divided into four groups: Group I was functional training group (FTG, n=30), Group IIwas Grid Training Group (GTG, n=30), Group III was combination of Functional Training and Grid TrainingGroup (CFTGTG, n- 30) and a control group (CG-n= 30). The training was for a period of 12 weeks, twice perweek and 50 minutes per session. A pre and post-test was taken in agility (Shuttle run), speed (50 M Run), restingheart rate, food intake and overall playing ability measured objectively by 3 experts. ANCOVA was the statisticaltool and 0.05 level was determined as the level of significance. The results indicated that there was significantimprovement in the study variables, such as, agility, resting pulse rate, food intake and playing ability in footballdue to functional training, grid training and combined training compared to the control group. On the other hand,there was no significant improvement in the variable of speed since no changes were shown.

2nd to 4th Digit Ratio (2D:4D) – Is It a Marker for Dyslexia?

Background: Specific learning disorder in general called as dyslexia is a neuro developmental disorder,which occurs more commonly in males (Male:Female ratio is 4:1), there are evidence to suggest role ofprenatal gonadal hormone exposure in neurodevelopment. However, studies on association between 2nd to4th digit ratio and dyslexia are mixed. Objective: To compare the 2nd and 4th digit ratio (2D:4D) of bothhands between children with dyslexia and children without dyslexia.Methodology: A case control study, recruited 30 children with dyslexia and 30 age and education matchednormal controls, after getting informed consent from their parents. Collected socio demographic details,applied CARS, Schonell’s reading and spelling test, followed by detailed evaluation by psychiatrist andclinical psychologist, including psychological testing to confirm the diagnosis of dyslexia. The digit lengthof index and ring finger on both hands of all children were measured using Vernier Calliper by direct method.Results: In both the hands 2D:4D ratio was more in children with dyslexia than normal children, but thedifference was not significant (p – 0.146). Analysis of only male samples showed digit ratio is higher indyslexic children than normal children; which were significant (p – 0.03).Conclusion: Our study does not support an association between digit ratios and dyslexia; however, trendtowards higher ratio in dyslexia especially in male children are interesting and needs further exploration.Need more studies in this area to form a definite conclusion.

Retrospective study of superior anterior plate as a treatment for unstable (Neer type 2) distal clavicle fractures / Estudo retrospectivo da placa anterior superior como tratamento para fraturas instáveis da clavícula distal (tipo 2 de Neer)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the sequelae of Neer type 2 distal end clavicle fractures treated with superior anterior locking plate. Methods From June 2012 to February 2015 a study was conducted with 14 male patients; 12 with unilateral and two with bilateral distal clavicle fractures treated with superior anterior plate. They were evaluated at intervals, with mean follow up of 16 months (14-18 months). All patients were evaluated clinically by both the Oxford Shoulder Score and the QuickDASH score. Results Union was seen in all fractures within 7-9 weeks (mean time: 8.2 weeks). All patients had good shoulder range-of-motion. The average Oxford Shoulder Score and QuickDASH score were 45.6 and 7.1, respectively. All patients returned to work within 3-4 months of the postoperative period. Conclusion Displaced distal clavicle fractures treated with superior anterior plates accomplished superlative results in terms of bony union, with rarely any complications.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as sequelas de fraturas distais da clavícula do tipo 2 de Neer tratadas com placa bloqueada anterossuperior. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo com 14 pacientes do sexo masculino entre junho de 2012 e fevereiro de 2015; 12 pacientes apresentaram fraturas unilaterais e dois, fraturas distal bilaterais da clavícula, tratadas com placa anterossuperior. Os pacientes foram avaliados em intervalos, com seguimento médio de 16 meses (14-18 meses). Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente tanto pelo Oxford Shoulder Score quanto pelo QuickDASH. Resultados Após sete a nove semanas (tempo médio: 8,2), todas as fraturas apresentaram consolidação. Todos os pacientes tinham boa amplitude de movimento no ombro. A média dos escores Oxford Shoulder Score e QuickDash foi de 45,6 e 7,1, respectivamente. Todos os pacientes retornaram ao trabalho dentro de três a quatro meses após a cirurgia. Conclusão As fraturas distais de clavícula com desvio tratadas com placas anterossuperiores apresentaram resultados superlativos em termos de consolidação óssea, com raras complicações.

Experience in fixation of infected non-union tibia by Ilizarov technique - a retrospective study of 42 cases / Experiência na fixação de pseudartrose infectada da tíbia com a técnica de Ilizarov - Estudo retrospectivo de 42 casos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome in treatment of infected tibial nonunion by the Ilizarov method. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 42 patients with infected tibial nonunion with bone loss; shortening and deformity treated at this institution during the period of February 2012 to April 2015 were included in the study. The results were evaluated according to Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. Pin tract infections were assessed by Moore and Dahl score. RESULTS: Bone results were excellent in 60% of patients (n = 25), good in 15% (n = 6), fair in 25% (n = 11), and poor in none. The functional results were excellent in 55% of patients, good in 30%, fair in 5%, and poor in 10%. The most common complication found in this study was pin tract infection. CONCLUSION: Ilizarov ring fixator still remains an excellent treatment modality for tibial nonunion, as it addresses the problems associated with the condition, although the procedure is cumbersome.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desfecho clínico e funcional no tratamento da pseudartrose infectada da tíbia pelo método de Ilizarov. MÉTODOS: Os autores analisaram retrospectivamente 42 pacientes com pseudartrose infectada da tíbia com perda óssea. Os casos de encurtamento e deformidade tratados nesta instituição de fevereiro de 2012 a abril de 2015 foram incluídos no estudo. Os resultados foram avaliados de acordo com os critérios da Associação para o Estudo e Aplicação dos Métodos de Ilizarov (Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov [ASAMI]). As infecções no trajeto dos fios e pinos foram avaliadas pela classificação de Moore e Dahl. RESULTADOS: Os resultados ósseos foram excelentes em 60% dos pacientes (n = 25), bons em 15% (n = 6) e moderados em 25% (n = 11); nenhum paciente apresentou resultados ruins. Os resultados funcionais foram excelentes em 55% dos pacientes, bons em 30%, razoáveis em 5% e ruins em 10%. A complicação mais comum encontrada neste estudo foi infecção no trajeto dos fios e pinos. CONCLUSÃO: Embora seja um procedimento complicado, a fixação de Ilizarov continua a ser uma modalidade de tratamento excelente para pseudartrose da tíbia, uma vez que aborda os problemas associados à condição.

A retrospective analysis of surgically-treated complex proximal femur fractures with proximal femoral locking compression plate / Uma análise retrospectiva de fraturas complexas do fêmur proximal tratadas cirurgicamente com placa de compressão bloqueada do fêmur proximal

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze the outcomes of proximal femoral locking compression plate (PF-LCP) in these complex fractures. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 21 proximal femoral fractures treated with PF-LCP from June 2013 to February 2015. There were 15 females (71%) and six males (29%) with an average age of 61.4 years (range: 34-80 years). The peritrochanteric fractures constituted by intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures were classified by the Boyd and Griffin classification and Seinshemier's classification, respectively. Among them, 16 cases (76%) were of intertrochanteric and five cases (24%) were of subtrochanteric fracture pattern. The functional outcome was assessed by Harris Hip Score and the Parker Palmer mobility score one year post-surgery. RESULTS: Among 21 patients, 19 patients obtained fracture union without further intervention; two patients required additional bone grafting. No cases of the hip screw cutting the femoral head were noted. There was no post-operative mortality in this study. The average Harris Hip Score was 84.5 (range: 83-94). The assessment by Parker and Palmar mobility score was 7.5 (range: 4-9). CONCLUSION: The PF-LCP is a good, stable alternative in the treatment of peritrochanteric femoral fractures. It provides good-to-excellent bone healing with reduced complications.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da placa de compressão bloqueada do fêmur proximal (PF-LCP) nessas fraturas complexas. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospectivamente analisou 21 fraturas proximais do fêmur tratadas com PF-LCP entre junho de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015. Foram incluídas 15 mulheres (71%) e seis homens (29%) com média de 61,4 anos (34 a 80). As fraturas peritrocantéricas constituídas por fraturas intertrocantéricas e subtrocantéricas foram classificadas pela classificação de Boyd e Griffin e pela classificação de Seinshemier, respectivamente. Entre elas, 16 casos (76%) foram classificados como padrão intertrocantérico e cinco (24%) como padrão subtrocantérico. O resultado funcional foi avaliado pelo escore de quadril de Harris e pelo escore de mobilidade de Parker Palmer um ano após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 21 pacientes, 19 obtiveram união de fratura sem intervenção adicional e dois necessitaram de enxerto ósseo adicional. Nenhum caso de corte da cabeça femoral pelo parafuso do quadril foi observado. Não houve mortalidade pós-operatória neste estudo. A média do escore de quadril de Harris foi de 84,5 (83 a 94). A média do escore de mobilidade de Parker Palmer foi de 7,5 (4 a 9). CONCLUSÃO: A PF-LCP é uma opção adequada e estável no tratamento de fraturas femorais peritrocantéricas, propicia uma osteossíntese classificada como boa ou excelente, com poucas complicações.